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TimeRef.com
  • Episodes
    Episode Index
    Key Dates Timelines
    By Category
    This day in history
  • People
    A..Z List of Medieval People
    Kings and Queens of England Kings of Scotland Kings of France Kings of Denmark Emporers of Byzantine Popes and Antipopes Crusader States and their Rulers
    Family Trees
  • Life
    Life in Medieval Times
    Life in a Castle The Feudal System Country Life and Agriculture Life in a Medieval Town Life in a Religious Community
  • Castles
    Castle Index Page Castle Development
    Early Fortifications Motte and bailey Castles Square Keeps Castle of William the Conqueror Concentric Castles Castles of Edward I
    Castle Siege Tactics Parts of a Castle
    Locations of over 300 Castles
  • Places
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  • More
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People

  • Henry III, King of England 1216-1272
  • Richard Earl of Cornwall
  • William Longsword
  • Marco Polo
  • Edward I, King of England 1272-1307
  • John Balliol King of Scotland 1292-1296
  • Alexander III, King of Scotland 1249-1286
  • Simon de Montfort
  • Alexander II, King of Scotland 1198-1249
  • Eleanor of Castile
  • Margaret of France
  • LOUIS IX, King of France, St. Louis
  • Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
  • Richard Marshal Earl of Pembroke
  • Margaret daughter of Alexander III
  • Margaret Maid of Norway
  • James of St George's
  • Philippe III, King of France 1270-1285
  • Dafydd ap Gruffydd Welsh Prince
  • Alexander IV, Pope
  • Henry de Montfort

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1250 .. 1274
1250 .. 1274
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1250

Qtr 4
Earthquake shakes St. Albans Abbey
Matthew Paris, the medieval historian, reported that an earthquake shook and damaged the church at St. Albans. Earthquakes are unusual in this area.
See Also
  • St. Albans Cathedral

1251

Nov 5
Dedication of Hailes Abbey
The King and Queen, with Richard, Earl of Cornwall (the King's brother) were at Hailes Abbey for its dedication ceremony.
Dec 26
Margaret marries Alexander III
Henry III's daughter Margaret married Alexander III, king of the Scots, at York Minster. Both bride and groom were under the age of eleven at the time of the wedding. The festivities were huge as many members of the English and Scottish courts attended the wedding.
See Also
  • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
  • Richard (Earl of Cornwall)
  • Alexander (III, King of Scotland 1249-1286)
  • Hailes Abbey
  • York Minster

1252

...
Shrine to St. Ethelreda installed at Ely
A shrine to St. Ethelreda was installed in the retrochoir of the cathedral at Ely. The ceremony was attended by Henry III and many other dignitaries.
See Also
  • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
  • Ely Cathedral

1253

...
Edmund Crouchback and Sicily
Pope Innocent IV invested the young prince of England, Edmund Crouchback, with the kingdom of Sicily.
See Also
  • Edmund (Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster)
  • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)

1254

...
Henry gives Edward his own lands
King Henry III granted his eldest son Edward areas of land including Crown lands in Wales, Ireland, the Channel Islands and Gascony. He was also given cities such as Bristol, Stamford and Grantham.These areas were on the edge of Henry's lands and the idea was to give Edward experience of governing lands of his own before becoming king. Edward was granted the three castles in the Marches, Skenfrith, White and Grosmont.
...
Alexander IV becomes Pope
Aug
Prince Edward arrives in Castile
At the age of fifteen Prince Edward traveled from Portsmouth with his mother and the Archbishop of Canterbury to marry Eleanor of Castile the half-sister of the King Alfonso X of Castile. Both Edward were Eleanor are descended from Henry II. They arrived in Burgos, the capital of Castile, in August where the marriage was due to take place.
Nov 1
Prince Edward marries Eleanor of Castile
Prince Edward married Eleanor of Castile in the Cistercian convent of Las Huelgas in Burgos.
See Also
  • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
  • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
  • Alexander (IV, Pope)
  • Eleanor (of Castile)
  • Grosmont Castle
  • Skenfrith Castle
  • White Castle
  • Canterbury Cathedral

1255

...
Abundant Harvest
The harvest for this year was so good that some of it was sold off cheaply. The next three years would be very different.
...
Angel Choir at Lincoln
Work began on the construction of the Angel Choir at Lincoln Cathedral in order to house the body of St. Hugh. Work was completed in 1280. The celebration of the movement of the body was attended by King Edward I, the Queen and many important figures of the time.
...
Llywelyn rules North Wales
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd declared himself ruler of North Wales and had given himself the title of Prince of Wales. King Henry III told Prince Edward that he would not help remove Llywelyn from power and Edward would have to do that himself if he wanted his inheritance.
Oct
Edward and Eleanor return to England
After the marriage at a Cistercian convent in Castile, Edward and Eleanor returned via Dover to England. Eleanor lived initially at Windsor Castle.
See Also
  • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
  • Gruffydd, Llywelyn ap
  • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
  • Eleanor (of Castile)
  • Lincoln Cathedral
  • Windsor Castle

1256

...
Harvest lost
Hay and corn crops were lost this year.
Sep
The Welsh invade the coastal plains
Under their leader, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, the Welsh invaded the northern coastal areas that had agreed to English rule. Prince Edward, who had been given the areas to administer himself by his father Henry III asked his father for help but Henry refused.
See Also
  • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
  • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
  • Gruffydd, Llywelyn ap

1257

...
Henry and Edward reclaim the Lost Territories
Henry III relented to his son's demands for assistance to fight the Welsh, and joined him on a campaign to retake the territories lost to the Welsh under Llywelyn.
...
Floods and famine
Rainy weather in the early part of this year and serious flooding destroyed crops and caused a famine.
...
Building work at St. Albans
Sections of the Norman apses at the eastern end of the church at St. Albans were damaged during the earthquake of 1250. It was decided to knock these down and replace them with a plan based on work that had been carried out at Westminster Abbey. The work took over sixty years to complete due to periods when funds were lacking.
See Also
  • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
  • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
  • Gruffydd, Llywelyn ap
  • St. Albans Cathedral

1258

...
The West Front of Salisbury Cathedral
Work on the excellent West Front of Salisbury Cathedral began around 1258 and took until 1266.
...
Exeter Cathedral rebuilding work
At Exeter Cathedral major rebuilding work took place from 1258 under the control of Bishop Bronescombe who had been impressed by a visit to the new cathedral at Salisbury.
Barons confront Henry
The seven were joined by many more Barons and Knights and they confronted Henry III at Westminster. Although armed, the Barons did leave their weapons outside the hall. Henry and his son Edward were forced to take the oath to join the commune of Barons and to accept their wished. Henry agreed to meet again with the Barons at Oxford in June.
Qtr 1
The year starts badly
Because of a series of bad harvests, a wet winter and a late frost, crops were destroyed and cattle starved. People were hungry and dying.
Mar
Llywelyn becomes 'Prince of Wales'
Llywelyn received the support of the native lords in Wales and declared himself the 'Prince of Wales'. Under him, a united Welsh nation was ready to defend itself from the English.
Apr
Henry asks for money
The Pope offered the Sicilian crown for Henry's youngest son Edmund. The Pope wanted to add Sicily to the papal dominions. To raise the money required for such an expedition Henry met Parliament at Westminster. The barons who were not involved in the meeting forced Henry to meet again in June where they wanted Henry to reform the way the country was being run.
Apr 12
Henry is opposed by the Barons
For many years, Henry had been living beyond the means of the country and with the failure of both harvests and Henry's will to amend his ways, a group of Barons rose up against him. Seven Barons first signed an oath and formed a commune in which they swore to look after each others interests. The seven were Richard de Clare (Earl of Gloucester), John Fitz Geoffrey, Roger Bigod (Earl of Norfolk), Hugh Bigod (Roger's brother), Peter of Savoy, Peter de Montfort (not a relation of Simon), and finally Simon de Montfort.
May 11
Treaty of Corbeil
The Treaty of Corbeil was a treaty between Louis IX of France and James I of Aragon. Both sides gave up ownership of certain lands in exchange for peace.
Jun
Provisions of Oxford
Provisions of Oxford. The barons and Henry III met at Oxford where fully armed, the barons showed Henry that he had no choice but to reform the way the country was being run. A council of fifteen members was set to advise the king. The fifteen were selected by a committee of four, two from the barons and two from the king. The new council was not to last long as the members could not agree amongst themselves on courses of action and by 1260 it had broken up. The reformers and royalists were to take up arms and meet in civil war.
Jun
Odiham and Kenilworth handed over to the King
As an act of faith, Simon de Montfort handed over his castles at Odiham and Kenilworth as part of the proposals put forward in the Provisions of Oxford.
Oct 5
The death of Philippe III
Philippe III, the king of France died at Perpignan at the end of a disastrous attempt to capture Aragon for his son Charles. The battle in which he died was part of a large war known as the War of the Sicilian Vespers forght between the kings of Aragon on one side and Charles of Anjou and the kings of France on the other with the support of the Pope.
See Also
  • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
  • Montfort, Simon de
  • Gruffydd, Llywelyn ap
  • LOUIS (IX, King of France, St. Louis)
  • Philippe (III, King of France 1270-1285)
  • Salisbury Cathedral
  • Exeter Cathedral
  • Kenilworth Castle
  • Odiham Castle
  • Parliament

1259

Oct 13
Provisions of Westminster
The Provisions of Westminster were a series of reforms made by the Council of Fifteen created in 1258 at the Provisions of Oxford. Their aim was to limit the powers of King Henry III.
Dec 4
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris also known as the treaty of Albeville/Abbeville was a treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England in which Henry agreed to the loss of Normandy, Maine, Anjou and Poitou. These areas had been lost under the reign of King John. Henry was able to keep the lands of Gascony and parts of Aquitaine. This won Henry the support of Louis IX of France against the rebellious Barons back in England.
See Also
  • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
  • LOUIS (IX, King of France, St. Louis)
  • Aquitaine
  • Normandy
  • Anjou

1260

...
Tenby Castle attacked
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, the 'Prince of Wales' attacked the castle at Tenby.
See Also
  • Gruffydd, Llywelyn ap
  • Tenby Castle

1261

...
Urban IV become Pope
Qtr 1
Absolved from the Provisions of Oxford
Pope Alexander IV agreed to absolve King Henry III from the Provisions of Oxford.
May
Henry back in control
Having obtained a papal bull (a formal proclamation issued by the pope) to absolve himself from the Provision of Oxford, King Henry III hired an army of 300 French knights as bodyguards and took up position in the Tower of London. His objective was to regain the absolute power that the Barons had taken away.
May 25
Death of Pope Alexander IV
Urban IV was elected Pope after the death of Pope Alexander IV.
Aug 16
Henry appoints new ministers
Henry had deposed ministers that had been appointed at the Provisions of Oxford and appointed new ones. His new proclamation gave the new ministers full power.
See Also
  • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
  • Alexander (IV, Pope)
  • Tower of London

1262

...
Katla Volcano Eruption
Eruption of the large Icelandic volcano.
See Also

    1263

    ...
    Edward joins Simon de Montfort
    At this time, Edward (to become Edward I), met up with Simon de Montfort and came under his influence. Edward, knights Simon's two eldest sons. This friendship was not to last.
    ...
    Edward raids the Temple in London
    On the pretence of removing his mother's jewels, Edward (I) entered the Knights Templar's Temple in London and ransacked the treasury, taking the proceeds to the Tower of London.
    ...
    Salisbury Cathedral Cloisters
    Construction of the cloisters at Salisbury Cathedral was started in around 1263 and the work on them continued until around 1284.
    ...
    First Oxford University college founded
    The first college was founded at Oxford University.
    Feb
    Edward returns to England
    Edward and his wife returned to England
    Jun
    Simon's forces do much damage
    Moving firstly westward from the stronghold of one of Henry's supporters to another, Simon de Montfort's forces did much damage, even though Simon had ordered that no sacred place should be attacked. Simon then moved towards the south east coast ports to secure them. By the end of June he had reached Dover, its inhabitants welcoming him.
    Oct 1
    The Battle of Largs
    At the Battle of Largs Alexander III of Scotland attacked the Viking army led by King Haakon IV of Norway and took the islands of the Hebrides. Haakon died on Orkney.
    See Also
    • Montfort, Simon de
    • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
    • Eleanor (of Castile)
    • Alexander (III, King of Scotland 1249-1286)
    • Tower of London
    • Salisbury Cathedral
    • London

    1264

    ...
    Pevensey Castle siege
    Following the defeat at the Battle of Lewes, Henry III's supporters fled and took refuge in Pevensey Castle. Simon de Montfort's son, laid siege to the castle, but could not take it.
    ...
    Army at Barham Down
    At a camp near Canterbury, called Barham Down, the supporters of Simon de Montfort gather an army and hold it there to fend off a possible invasion from Henry III's supporters.
    ...
    Possible comet sighting
    From the Chronicles of Meaux Abbey came the report of the siting of a comet which was said to return every three hundred years. Rising from the east with more brightness than had ever been seen by a living person.
    ...
    Siege of Rochester Castle
    A force led by Simon de Montfort besieged Rochester Castle for several days but the castle did not fall. He left a small number of men to continue the siege but they were attacked and fled.
    ...
    Beeston Castle occupied
    During this year forces belonging to Simon de Montfort occupied and controlled the important Beeston Castle.
    ...
    Tutbury Castle attacked
    Prince Edward attacked the castle at Tutbury as it was the stonghold of one of the rebel barons.
    Jan 23
    The Mise of Amiens
    King Louis IX of France held a court at Amiens known as the Mise of Amiens to decide if King Henry III of England should be freed from the obligations forced upon him by the Provisions of Oxford in 1258 by the Barons. Louis agreed that Henry should be freed and ruled against the Barons.
    Apr
    Northampton captured by the King
    Henry and Edward captured the castle at Northampton where the sons of Simon de Montfort and their group of rebels were stationed. The sons (Henry and Simon the younger) were taken prisoner.
    Apr
    Warwick castle attacked and destoyed
    The castle at Warwick was attacked by forces loyal to Simon de Montfort. The castle was badly damaged in the assault.
    May (to 1267)
    Henry's war with the Barons
    The civil war between King Henry III and the barons. The barons wanted to limit Henry's power and to sort out his finances which were a drain on the barons' resources. The cause was led by Simon de Montfort.
    May 14
    Battle of Lewes
    Simon de Montfort surprised Henry III and Prince Edward, with early movements of his troops on the hills above the castle at Lewes. Henry and Richard of Cornwall defend the centre and left of the castle, but Prince Edward attacked the lighter armed Londoners to the right and forced them to flee and followed them off the battle site. When he returned, he found that King Henry was trapped in the priory and gave himself up in exchange for his father's release. After the battle Simon de Montfort marched on London but the drawbridge on London Bridge had been raised by the Lord Mayor. Simon had the support of the Londoners who managed to lower the drawbridge allowing him into the city,
    Jun
    Haco of Norway attacks Scotland
    Haco of Norway and his troops landed at the mouth of the Clyde after taking a battering from storms. Three days of fighting resulted in a victory for Alexander III. Escaping to Orkney, Haco died (from injuries ?).
    Jun
    Simon de Montfort summons Parliament
    From a provisional administration consisting of Simon de Montfort himself, the Earl of Gloucester and the Bishop of Chichester, a council of 9 were chosen to advise the king. From these 9, 3 were to be with the king at all times.
    Summer
    Edward moved to Kenilworth
    Edward (I) was held captive at Wallingford Castle but after an escape attempt he was moved to Kenilworth Castle.
    See Also
    • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
    • Montfort, Simon de
    • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
    • LOUIS (IX, King of France, St. Louis)
    • Alexander (III, King of Scotland 1249-1286)
    • Pevensey Castle
    • Rochester Castle
    • Beeston Castle
    • Tutbury Castle
    • Warwick Castle
    • London Bridge
    • Kenilworth Castle
    • Wallingford Castle
    • Parliament

    1265

    ...
    Work begins on the Lady Chapel at Chester.
    Work is begun on the Lady Chapel at Chester Cathedral.
    ...
    Hawaden Castle attacked by the Welsh
    Llywelyn attacked Hawarden Castle because Henry de Montfort had promised to hand the castle over to the Welsh but had failed to honour the agreement.
    ...
    Clement IV becomes Pope
    Jan 20
    Ordinary people's Parliament
    Simon calls a Parliament where for the first time ordinary people were brought to represent the country.
    Feb
    The Barons split
    The Earl of Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare organised a tournament where Simon's sons were invited to attend. Angry that de Clare could put his sons in a position of danger where a murderer could take advantage, he stopped the games. Simon and Gilbert fall out and Gilbert moves his allegiance to the king causing a split in the Barons loyalties.
    May 28
    Edward escapes
    Left in custody at Hereford, Edward (I) was rescued and joined Roger Mortimer and Gilbert de Clare at Wigmore Castle.
    Summer
    Armies march
    Simon's son was sent to London to raise money and troops. He diverted back through Winchester which was loyal to the king and then moved through Oxford and Northampton. Edward (I) moved from Worcester to Bridgnorth destroying bridges and means of allowing Simon who was on the Welsh side of the Avon from crossing back. The people of Bristol, friendly to Simon's cause sent ships to Newport to help Simon cross, but they were intercepted and destroyed by Edward.
    Aug 1
    Younger Simon attacked at Kenilworth
    Simon's son was attacked at Kenilworth during the night being taken completely by surprise and having no chance to defend himself. They had decided to stay in the village rather than in the castle. The younger Simon managed to reach the safety of the castle.
    Aug 4
    Battle of Evesham
    Using the banners of Simon de Montfort's son captured at Kenilworth, prince Edward approached Simon's position at Evesham. Simon de Montfort was trapped in the bend of the river Avon and forced to fight. Simon was defeated and killed. Simon's youngest son took refuge in Kenilworth castle, where prepared for a long siege, he managed to hold out until December 1267.
    Sep 16
    Peace with the Barons
    After the defeat of Simon de Montfort at Evesham, a limited agreement of peace was declared between King Henry III and the barons. Some resistance remained at Kenilworth and the Isle of Ely until 1267.
    See Also
    • Montfort, Henry de
    • Montfort, Simon de
    • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
    • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
    • Hawarden Castle
    • Kenilworth Castle
    • Bridgnorth Castle
    • Winchester Cathedral
    • Parliament
    • London
    • Winchester

    1266

    ...
    Alexander III acquires the Hebrides
    Alexander, the King of the Scots exchanged his daughter in marriage to Eric, the King of Norway for the Hebrides.
    Jul 2
    Treaty of Perth
    After the Treaty of Perth the Hebrides and Isle of Man were given to the Scots by the Magnus IV of Norway. The Scots had mainly captured the islands anyway.
    Oct
    Mise of Kenilworth
    The rebel barons were given the option by Edward to buy back their properties. Edward was careful not to cause friction between the king and the barons that may have restarted a war.
    See Also
    • Alexander (III, King of Scotland 1249-1286)
    • Margaret (daughter of Alexander III)
    • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
    • Kenilworth Castle

    1267

    ...
    Treaty of Shrewsbury
    The Treaty of Shrewsbury was an agreement between King Henry III of England and Llywelyn the Prince of Wales. Henry recognised Llywelyn's position as Prince of Wales in return for a regular payment. Also known as the Treaty of Montgomery.
    See Also
    • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
    • Gruffydd, Llywelyn ap

    1268

    ...
    Caerphilly Castle construction
    Construction of the castle at Caerphilly was begun in 1268 under the control of Gilbert de Clare.
    Jun
    Edward take the cross
    Prince Edward took the cross in preparation for a Crusade from Ottobuono Fieschi, the papal legate. Ottobuono Fieschi had been sent to help both Henry and Edward sort out troubles at home and was an important factor in the country's rule from 1265 to 1268.
    See Also
    • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
    • Caerphilly Castle

    1269

    ...
    Magnetism Experiments
    Pierre de Maricourt performed a series of experiments with magnets and proposed that a machine could be run forever in perpetual motion using the properties of magnets.
    ...
    Eleanor of Provance and London Bridge
    Henry III granted to his wife Eleanor the revenues from the taxes and rent taken from London Bridge. Originally the money raised on the bridge were supposed to pay for repairs to the structure. With no money to spend on the upkeep of the bridge it began to fall into disrepair. This event may have been the source of the nursery rhyme 'London Bridge is falling down'.
    Oct 13
    Edward the Confessor moved
    Henry had Edward the Confessor's remains moved from behind the alter to a newly built golden shrine within Westminster Abbey.
    Oct 13
    Westminster Abbey consecrated
    Sufficient parts of Westminster Abbey were completed for the monks to hold their first service in the new building. October 13th was chosen possibly to commemorate the moving of Edward the Confessor's body just over 100 hundred years earlier. King Henry III died before he could witness the completion of the whole church.
    See Also
    • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
    • Eleanor (of Provence)
    • London Bridge
    • Westminster Abbey

    1270

    ...
    Tintern Abbey begun
    Building work begins on Tintern Abbey.
    ...
    Caerphilly Castle attacked
    The Welsh attacked the castle during its construction and set it alight. It appears that the conflict could have become out of control but Henry III intervened and Llywelyn withdrew to leave de Clare to restart the building work.
    Jul
    Prince Edward leaves for the Holy Land
    Prince Edward (I), his wife Eleanor, his cousin Henry (son of the King of the Romans) and many knights left for the Holy Land.
    Jul 20
    The Eighth Crusade
    King Louis IX of France once again set out on Crusade, not to the east but towards Tunis. Charles, the brother of Louis, influenced the direction as Charles had plans in the East. At Cathage in July, the plague broke out and in August Louis died.
    Sep 14
    Relic given to Hailes Abbey
    A phial containing the blood of Jesus was presented to abbey of Hailes by the son of Richard, Earl of Cornwall. The phial had been guaranteed by the Patriarch of Jerusalem and had been bought from the Count of Flanders in 1267. A section of the abbey was rebuilt to hold the relic, and it was held in a purpose built shrine. A similar relic had been presented to the King Henry III several years before in 1247.
    See Also
    • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
    • Eleanor (of Castile)
    • LOUIS (IX, King of France, St. Louis)
    • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
    • Richard (Earl of Cornwall)
    • Caerphilly Castle
    • Hailes Abbey
    • Jerusalem

    1271

    ...
    Marco Polo leaves Venice at the age of eighteen
    Marco Polo left Venice on a trading adventure with his father Nicolo and uncle Matteo. Not seeing Venice again for 23 years.
    ...
    Edward's Crusade
    The Crusade of Edward, King of England.
    ...
    Gregory X becomes Pope
    Mar 3 (to Apr 8)
    Krak de Chevaliers siege
    The final siege at Krak des Chevaliers began in early March. Led by Sultan Beibars and Mumlaks the attackers managed to capture the outer defences and undermine one of the outer towers. The inner defences were much stronger and a direct assult was too difficult. A trick was used instead. A forged letter was delivered to the castle supposedly from the Hospitaller Grand Commander ordering the knights to abandon Krak. The trick worked and the knights left, given safe passage to the coast.
    May
    Edward reaches Acre
    The Sultan of Babylon abandoned plans to attack Acre at the arrival of Edward. Edward moved on to Nazarus where large numbers of Muslims were killed. Becoming ill, Edward returned to Acre where he stayed for 18 months. The fortifications of Acre being too strong for any attackers, an assassination attempt was made on Edward by a messenger from the Emir of Jaffa. The messengers had become a regular occurrence and one managed to approach Edward while he was alone and unarmed. The assassin attempted to stab Edward with a poisoned knife, but Edward saved himself and killed the assassin instead. Edward did suffer a cut and the poison took hold. Luckily, a skilful doctor cut away the poisoned area and, with drugs sent by the master of the Knights Templar, Edward survived.
    See Also
    • Polo, Marco
    • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
    • Krak des Chevaliers
    • Assassins
    • Acre

    1272

    ...
    Peterborough Cathedral's Lady Chapel
    The Lady Chapel of the Cathedral at Peterborough was constructed between 1272 and 1286.
    Nov 16
    Henry III dies
    Henry was buried in the church of St. Peter's at Westminster (which he had rebuilt) in the former grave of Edward the Confessor whose remains Henry had moved to a golden shrine.
    Nov 23
    Edward chosen as King
    The Council met at the Temple in London and drafted a letter to Prince Edward informing him of his accession to the throne. There was no opposition.
    See Also
    • Edward (The Confessor, King of England 1042-1066)
    • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
    • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
    • Peterborough Cathedral

    1273

    ...
    Foundation of Sweetheart Abbey
    This Cistercian abbey was founded by Lady Devorgilla, the wife of John Balliol of Barnard Castle. Monks from Dundrennan Abbey colonised Sweetheart Abbey.
    Feb
    Edward visits the Pope
    Edward met the Pope in Rome.
    See Also
    • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)

    1274

    ...
    Vale Royal Abbey founded
    The foundation of this abbey in Cheshire was a result of an almost disastrous sea crossing by Edward I. His fulfilment of a vow taken during the voyage resulted in a new abbey called Vale Royal.
    ...
    Investigation into land ownership
    Edward ordered an investigation into the rights of ownership of the land owners in England. Land owners who had obtained land after the start of the reign of Richard I had to provide proof. The information gained from this investigation allowed Edward to plan his taxation more effectively.
    May
    Little battle of Chalons
    While staying in Guienne in France, Edward (I) was challenged to a duel by the Count of Chalons. Fearing a trap Edward took a thousand men with him and was faced by a force of double that. In the battle that ensued Edward's forces overcame the enemy and won.
    Jul 11
    Birth of Robert the Bruce
    Robert the Bruce, the future King of Scotland, was born at Turnberry Castle, Ayreshire on the west coast of Scotland.
    Aug 2
    Edward arrives home
    Edward (I) landed at Dover to be crowned king. (Why did it take him so long to return home after the death of his father?)
    Aug 19
    Edward I crowned at Westminster
    Seventeen days after returning from the Crusade, Edward was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey.
    See Also
    • Edward (I, King of England 1272-1307)
    • Bruce, Robert (the Bruce, I, King of the Scots 1306-1329)
    • Henry (III, King of England 1216-1272)
    • Westminster Abbey

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