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  • Episodes
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    By Category
    This day in history
  • People
    A..Z List of Medieval People
    Kings and Queens of England Kings of Scotland Kings of France Kings of Denmark Emperors of Byzantine Popes and Antipopes Crusader States and their Rulers
    Family Trees
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    Life in Medieval Times
    The Feudal System Life in a Castle Life in a Medieval Village Life in a Medieval Town Life in a Religious Community The Black Death
  • Castles
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    Early Fortifications Motte and Bailey Castles Square Keeps Castles of William the Conqueror Concentric Castles Castles of Edward I
    Castle Siege Tactics Parts of a Castle
    Locations of over 300 Castles UK Castles by County
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  3. Timeline of Religious Events (1500 .. 1599)
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Timeline of Religious Events (1500 .. 1599)

1501

Oct 2
Catherine of Aragon arrives
Catherine of Aragon finally arrived at Plymouth in preparation for her marriage to Prince Arthur after several months of travelling.
Nov 14
Prince Arthur marries Catherine of Aragon
After several days of celebration and reception Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon were married at St. Paul's Cathedral.

1502

Jan
Prince Arthur moves to Ludlow
Prince Arthur took up his position as governor of the Welsh Marches and moved to Ludlow Castle. He was accompanied by his wife Catherine of Aragon.

1503

...
William Wareham becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
William Wareham was elected to the post of Archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Julius II.
...
Construction of Henry VII Lady chapel
Henry VII ordered the construction of a new Lady chapel at the east end of Westminster Abbey. The building work was carried out in the Perpendicular style.
...
Thomas Cranmer starts at Jesus College
Two years after the death of his father, Thomas was sent to Jesus College, Cambridge to continue his studies.

1504

Nov
Death of Isabella of Castile
When Isabella of Castile died many of her children were also dead. The rule of Castile passed to Joanna her eldest surviving daughter. But Joanna's mental state was in question and Isabella had stated in her will that Ferdinand her husband would act a regent if Joanna was unable to rule.

1505

...
Papal dispensation
Pope Julius II gave permission for the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and King Henry VIII. The legality of the marriage was in question because Catherine had been married to Henry's elder brother Arthur.

1507

...
Thomas Wolsey becomes royal chaplain
Thomas Wolsey was given the position of royal chaplain to Henry VII.

1509

...
Thomas Wolsey becomes royal almoner
Thomas Wolsey was given the position of royal almoner to King Henry VIII.
...
Norwich Cathedral fire
Repairs at Norwich Cathedral, because of a fire, resulted in the transept roofs being replaced by stone vaulting.

1512

...
Fire at the Tower of London
A fire at the Tower of London damages St. Peter's chapel within the castle grounds.

1513

...
Thomas Wolsey organises expedition to France
Thomas Wolsey organised Henry's invasion into France ensuring the army was feed, watered and had good accommodation.

1514

Feb 6
Wolsey become Bishop of Lincoln
Thomas Wolsey was rewarded with the Bishopric of Lincoln.
Sep
Thomas Wolsey becomes archbishop of York
Thomas Wolsey is promoted to the position of Archbishop of York.

1515

Jan 1
Death of Louis XII
King Louis XII of France died at the age of 52 leaving Mary a widow. His nephew, Francis, became the next king of France.
Feb
Princess Mary secretly marries
Princess Mary ran away with Charles Brandon after the death of Louis XII. They were secretly married but caught and forced to pay a fine.
May 13
Mary and Suffolk marry
Princess Mary, the younger sister of King Henry VIII, married Charles Brandon, the Duke of Suffolk at Greenwich. Henry VIII gave full consent to the marriage.
Sep 22
Birth of Anne of Cleves
Anne of Cleves was born in Dusseldorf, Germany.

1517

Oct 31
Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses
Upset by the abuses he saw in the Catholic Church, Martin Luther nailed the Ninety-five Theses to the door of the church of Wittenberg. The abuses included the practice of selling high positions in the Church for money and the sale of indulgences allowing those with enough wealth to be forgiven for their sins.

1527

Jun 22
Henry VIII declares his marriage invalid
King Henry VIII told Catherine of Aragon that their marriage was invalid because she had earlier been married to his brother Arthur. Anne Boleyn, who Henry had become besotted with, wanted Henry to divorce Catherine and to marry her.

1530

Nov 29
Death of Wolsey
On his way to London to face trial for treason Thomas Wolsey fell ill and died at Leicester.

1532

...
Thomas Moor resigns
Thomas Moor resigned as Chancellor because he could not accept King Henry becoming the ruler of the Church.

1534

Nov
The Act of Supremacy
Albeit the king's majesty justly and rightfully is and ought to be the supreme head of the Church of England, and so is recognised by the clergy of this realm in their convocations, yet nevertheless, for corroboration and confirmation thereof, and for increase of virtue in Christ's religion within the realm of England, and to repress and extirpate all errors, heresies and other abuses heretofore used in the same, be it enacted by authority of this present Parliament, that the king of our sovereign lord, his heirs and successors , kings of this realm, shall be taken, accepted and reputed the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England, called Anglicana Eccesia ; and shall have and enjoy, annexed and united to the imperial crownof this realm, as well the title and crown thereof, as all honours , pre-eminences, jurisdictions, privilages, authorities, immunities, profits and commodities to the said dignity of the supreme head of the same church belonging and appertaining ; and that our said sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall have full power and authority from time to time to visit, repress, redress, record, order, correct, retrain and amend all such errors, heresies, abuses, offences,contempts and enormities, wahtsoever they be, which by any manner of spiritual authority or jurisdiction ought or may lawfully be reformed, repressed, ordred, redressed, corrected, restrained, or amended, most of the pleasure of Almighty God, the increase of virtue in Christ's religion and for the conservation of the peace , unity and tranquillity of this realm ; any usage, foreign law, foreign authority, prescription or any other thing of things to the contrary notwithstanding.

1536

...
Dissolution of the Monasteries
King Henry VIII obtained much needed money by suppressing hundreds of religious houses across the country and selling off their lands and assets. The monasteries, abbeys and nunneries had in the past played an important role in the fabric of medieval life. Not only had they acted as a place of worship, but they were also a centre for education, refuge for travellers and provided food for the poor. But times were changing and education was being provided by newly created universities and inns were providing a place for travellers. Less people were interested in a monastic life. Henry and Thomas Cromwell sent out surveyors to report on the state of each religious community, starting with the smaller houses first. Those houses that were badly run or where disipline for the religious order they followed had become slack were closed down immediately and their lands and assets taken. The abbots were offered pensions or money to surrender their houses but also threatened with violence if they did not. Several abbots were executed for not surrendering their abbeys. The inhabitants of the houses were sent to larger abbeys or just abandoned. A second round of suppression followed that concentrated on the larger religious houses. But the suppression did not come without a cost. Several revolts were sparked by the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
May 19
Execution of Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII, was executed for treason and adultery at the Tower of London.

1537

Oct 24
Jane Seymour dies
Jane Seymour died after complications with the birth of Edward VI. She was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

1538

...
Destruction of Thomas Becket's Relics
King Henry VIII ordered the destruction of the shrine of Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral and the removal of all the offerings that had been made over the centuries. The bones were supposed to have been burned but may have been reburied sparking a mystery over the location of the remains today.

1540

...
Waltham Abbey Dissolved
Waltham Abbey has the distinction of being the last monastery to be dissolved by King Henry VIII.
Jan
Abbey at Gloucester surrenders
The monastery at Gloucester surrendered to King Henry VIII as part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

1541

...
Gloucester given Cathedral status
The abbey at Gloucester became a Cathedral at the centre of its own diocese. Previously it had been part of the Worcester diocese. John Wakeman was assigned as the first bishop.

1543

Jul 12
Marriage of Henry and Catherine Parr
King Henry VIII married Catherine Parr, his sixth and final wife, at Hampton Court Palace.

1547

Jan 28
Death of Henry VIII
King Henry VIII died at Whitehall Palace at the age of 55. He was buried in St. George's Chapel Windsor next to Jane Seymour, his favourite wife.
Apr
Catherine Parr marries Thomas Seymour
Jealous of his elder brother's power Thomas Seymour married Catherine Parr to enter the household of the young King Edward and the Princesses Mary and Elizabeth.
Jul
Capture of the castle at St. Andrews
After a lengthy siege failed to take the well defended castle at St. Andrews, Mary of Guise asked the French for help. The castle at St. Andrews was captured and the Protestant leaders and John Knox were taken into custody.

1553

Aug 8
Funeral of Edward VI
The funeral service for the late King took place at Westminster Abbey.
Sep 8
Elizabeth attends mass
Elizabeth agreed to attend a mass but when the day came she pretended to be ill and only took part under protest. Elizabeth had refused to attend any Catholic ceremony including the one that Mary had arranged after the death of Edward. Mary and Elizabeth disagreed strongly over religion.

1554

Jul 25
Marriage of Queen Mary of England and Philip II of Spain
The marriage of Queen Mary of England and Philip of Spain took place. The marriage was conducted at Winchester Cathedral.

1557

Jul 16
Death of Anne of Cleves
Anne of Cleves died. Since the divorce from King Henry VIII Anne had been given a good annual income and use of several homes.
Dec
The Lords of the Congregation
A group of Scottish Lords signed a covenant promising to support the advancement 'the most blessed Word of God' and to push forward the Reformation in Scotland. This was a move against what they saw as the threat from France which came from the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to the French Dauphin. They called themselves the Lords of the Congregation.

1558

Nov 17
Queen Mary of England dies
Queen Mary of England died at the age of forty two. She was buried at Westminster Abbey. Elizabeth became the new Queen of England.

1560

...
Bath Abbey given as gift
Edmund Colthurst gave the ruinous church of Bath Abbey to the people of the City as a gift.

1585

Apr 24
Pope Sixtus V
Sixtus V was the pope from 1585 to 1590. He reformed the Roman Curia, the administrative structure of the Catholic Church that assists the Pope in his ministry. Sixtus was born to a very poor family and spent his childhood tending to the family's pigs. His name was Felix. A passing Franciscan monk adopted the boy who became a Franciscan monk.

1590

Sep 15
Pope Urban VII
Urban VII was elected to the position of pope on the 15th of September, but died within two weeks of his election.
Dec 5
Pope Gregory XIV
Pope Gregory became pope after the short reign of Sixtus. But Gregory's reign would also be short. Before his death in October 1591 less than a year after his appointment, Gregory used his time as pope to organise the excommunication of Henry IV of France, who was accused of being a heretic and ineligible to be the King of a Catholic France. He sent large amounts of money to France to support the Catholic League in the Franch wars of Religion.

1591

Oct 30
Pope Innocent IX
The reign of Pope Innocent IX lasted only two months. He died on December 31st of the same year as his election.

1598

Apr
Edict of Nantes
Henry IV of France allowed Protestants to exercise their religion and were eligible for all offices.

A Medieval Mystery

There appear to be some strange connections between the fourteenth century Old Wardour Castle and ancient stone circle Stonehenge.

1: Location

Old Wardour Castle appears to be aligned to ancient sites in the Stonehenge landscape.

2: Alignment

Stonehenge is aligned to the Summer Solstice. Old Wardour has a very similar alignment.

3: Size

Could the builders of Old Wardour used mesaurements from Stonehenge to layout the geometrical keep?

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