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Popes and Antipopes (999 .. 1503)

Antipopes

Anti-popes were elected by an ecclesiastical faction and later declared uncanonical and invalid. Precise numbers are unknown due to scant documentation in earlier periods. The first anti-pope was probably St Hyppolitus (3rd Century) and the last Felix V, former Duke of Savoy. The number of antipopes range from 25 to 40.

High Middle Ages

1000 .. 1099

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
999Sylvester II 1003
1003John XVII 
1004John XVIII 1009
1009Sergius IV 1012
1012Benedict VIII 1024
1024John XIX 1032
1032Benedict IX 1045
1045Clement II 1048Imperial appointee
1048Damasus II 1049Imperial appointee
1049Leo IX 1055Imperial appointee
1055Victor II 1057Imperial appointee
1057Stephen IX (X) 1058Imperial appointee
1058Benedict XAntipope?
1058Nicholas II 1061
1061Alexander II 1073
1061Honorius IIAntipope?1072
1073Gregory VII 1085
1080Clement IIIAntipope1100
1086Victor III 1088
1088Urban II 1099On the last day of the council Pope Urban II preached about the oppression being inflicted on the Christians in the Middle East by the Muslim Seljuks. Christian churches were being destroyed and Christians attacked. The Pope called for the Christians in the West to help.
1099Paschal II 1118
1000 .. 1099
Name:
Sylvester II
Reign:
999 to 1003
Name:
John XVII
Reign:
1003
Name:
John XVIII
Reign:
1004 to 1009
Name:
Sergius IV
Reign:
1009 to 1012
Name:
Benedict VIII
Reign:
1012 to 1024
Name:
John XIX
Reign:
1024 to 1032
Name:
Benedict IX
Reign:
1032 to 1045
Name:
Clement II (Imperial appointee)
Reign:
1045 to 1048
Name:
Damasus II (Imperial appointee)
Reign:
1048 to 1049
Name:
Leo IX (Imperial appointee)
Reign:
1049 to 1055
Name:
Victor II (Imperial appointee)
Reign:
1055 to 1057
Name:
Stephen IX (X) (Imperial appointee)
Reign:
1057 to 1058
Name:
Nicholas II
Reign:
1058 to 1061
Name:
Alexander II
Reign:
1061 to 1073
Name:
Honorius II (Antipope)
Reign:
1061 to 1072
Name:
Gregory VII
Reign:
1073 to 1085
Name:
Clement III (Antipope)
Reign:
1080 to 1100
Name:
Victor III
Reign:
1086 to 1088
Name:
Urban II
Reign:
1088 to 1099
On the last day of the council Pope Urban II preached about the oppression being inflicted on the Christians in the Middle East by the Muslim Seljuks. Christian churches were being destroyed and Christians attacked. The Pope called for the Christians in the West to help.
Name:
Paschal II
Reign:
1099 to 1118

1100 .. 1199

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1100TheodoricAntipope1102 
1101AlbertAntipope  
1105Sylvester IVAntipope1111 
1118Gelasius II1119 
1118Gregory VIIIAntipope1121 
1119Calixtus II1124
1124Honorius II1130
1124Celestine IIAntipope
1130Innocent II 1143
1130Anacletus IIAntipope1138 
1138Victor IVAntipope 
1143Celestine II1144 
1144Lucius II1145 
1145Eugenius III1153 
1153Anastasius IV1144 
1154Adrian IV1155 
1159Alexander III1181 
1159Victor IV (Octavian)Antipope1164 
1164Paschall IIIAntipope1168 
1168Calixtus IIIAntipope1178 
1179Innocent IIIAntipope1180 
1181Lucius III1185 
1185Urban III1187 
1187Gregory VIII 
1187Clement III1191 
1191Celestine III1198 
1198Innocent III1216 

1200 .. 1299

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1216Honorius III 1227 
1227Gregory IX 1242 
1241Celestine IV Oct - Nov 
1243Innocent IV 1254 
1254Alexander IV 1261 
1261Urban IV 1264 
1265Clement IV 1268 
1271Gregory X 1276 
1276Innocent V Jan - Jun 
1276Adrian V Jul - Aug 
1276John XXI 1277 
1277Nicholas III 1280 
1281Martin IV 1285 
1285Honorius IV 1287 
1288Nicholas IV 1292 
1294Celestine V Jul - DecA monk who lived in a cave on a mountain. Celestine resigned within months of his election.
1294Boniface VIII 1303Came into conflict with the French King over taxation.

1300 .. 1399

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1303Benedict XI 1304Attempted to reverse the conflicts with the French King. May have been poisoned.
1305Clement V 1314 

Babylonish Captivity & The Great Schism

Clement V, a Frenchman, moved the Papacy to Avignon after his election (1309-1377). Urban V tried to return, and Gregory XI succeeded shortly before his death. Unfortunately the authorities in Avignon did not immediately accept this, and the Great Schism resulted, from 1378-1415, and they continued to elect a Pope. An attempt to solve this in 1409 resulted in three popes, two being "elected" at Pisa.

Popes of Avignon

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1309Clement V 1314 
1316John XXII 1334 
1328Nicholas V Antipope1330 
1334Benedict XII 1342 
1342Clement VI 1352 
1352Innocent VI 1362 
1362Urban V 1370In 1367 Urban V travelled to Rome to restore the Papacy to Italy but had to return to France because of trouble there.
1370Gregory XI  In 1377 Gregory XI arrived in Rome to restore the Papacy to Italy.

Rome

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1377Gregory XI 1378 
1378Urban VI 1389 
1377Clement VII (Avignon)Antipope1378 
1389Boniface IX 1404 
1394Benedict XIII (Avignon)Antipope1423 
1404Innocent VII 1406 
1406Gregory XII 1415 

Pisa

In 1409 the Council of Pisa tried to solve the problem of having two popes, Gregory and Benedict. In the end the council declared the two void and elected their own; Alexander V.

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1409Alexander V (Pisa) Antipope1410 
1410John XXIII (Pisa) Antipope1415 
1417Martin V 1431 
1423Clement VIII Antipope1429 
1425Benedict XIV Antipope1430 
1431Eugenius IV 1447 
1439Felix V Antipope1449 
1447Nicholas V 1455 
1455Calixtus III 1458 
1458Pius II 1464 
1464Paul II 1471 
1471Sixtus IV 1484 
1484Innocent VIII 1492 
1492Alexander VI 1503