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n the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries fewer new stone castles were built. The King and Barons concentrated on improving the castles they had, making them larger and more comfortable to live in. Those that were built were designed first for luxury and to impress rather than for defence. The barons and wealthly medieval people began building their own smaller fortified residences surrounded by a moat.

Defensive Features

• Thick Walls - The walls of a fortified manor house were often built of stone and very thick, making it difficult for attackers to breach them.
• Battlements and Crenellations - he tops of the walls might have battlements or crenellations (notched parapets), which allowed defenders to shoot arrows or throw stones while remaining protected.
• Towers - Some fortified manor houses included towers, often at the corners of the building, to provide better vantage points for defense.
• Moat or Ditch - Often, the house would be surrounded by a moat or ditch, which made it more difficult for attackers to approach the walls.
• Drawbridge - If there was a moat, the manor might have a drawbridge, which could be raised to prevent entry.
• Gatehouse - The entrance was often fortified with a gatehouse, equipped with a strong door (or portcullis) and defensive features to control access.
• Arrow Slits (Loopholes) - Narrow vertical openings in the walls through which archers could fire arrows while being protected from incoming attacks.

Residential Features

• Great Hall - The manor house typically centered around a large great hall, which served as the main living and dining area for the lord, his family, and their retainers.
• Solar - A private chamber for the lord and his family, often located on an upper floor for privacy. It served as a living and sleeping area.
• Kitchen and Service Rooms - These rooms were usually separate from the main living quarters to reduce the risk of fire, with food storage, preparation, and cooking facilities.
• Chapel - Many fortified manor houses had a private chapel, reflecting the religious devotion of the inhabitants.
• Courtyard - Some manors had an enclosed courtyard or bailey where livestock could be kept and daily activities carried out in relative safety.

Mixed Purpose

• Combined Comfort and Security - Fortified manor houses were designed to be both livable and defensible. They provided comfort and amenities for the lord's family while maintaining the ability to withstand attacks, especially during times of local unrest or minor conflicts.
• Smaller Scale than Castles - While fortified, manor houses were generally smaller and less militarized than full-scale castles, focusing more on domestic life with elements of defense.

Status Symbol

• Symbol of Power and Wealth - While they had defensive features, fortified manor houses were also symbols of the lord's wealth and social status. The size and fortifications conveyed power to both allies and rivals.