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Popes and Antipopes (999 .. 1503)

Antipopes

Antipopes were elected by an ecclesiastical faction and later declared uncanonical and invalid. Precise numbers are unknown due to scant documentation in earlier periods. The first antipope was probably St Hyppolitus (3rd Century) and the last Felix V, former Duke of Savoy. The number of antipopes range from 25 to 40.

High Middle Ages

Tenth Century 901 .. 1000

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
999 Sylvester II   1003

Eleventh Century 1001 .. 1100

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1003 John XVII  
1004 John XVIII   1009
1009 Sergius IV   1012
1012 Benedict VIII   1024
1024 John XIX   1032
1032 Benedict IX   1045
1045 Clement II   1048 Imperial appointee
1048 Damasus II   1049 Imperial appointee
1049 Leo IX   1055 Imperial appointee
1055 Victor II   1057 Imperial appointee
1057 Stephen IX (X)   1058 Imperial appointee
1058 Benedict X Antipope Elected to succeed Stephen but was opposed by a faction that supported Nicholas and fled from Rome.
1058 Nicholas II   1061
1061 Alexander II   1073
1061 Honorius II Antipope 1072
1073 Gregory VII   1085
1080 Clement III Antipope 1100
1086 Victor III   1088
1088 Urban II   1099 On the last day of the council Pope Urban II preached about the oppression being inflicted on the Christians in the Middle East by the Muslim Seljuks. Christian churches were being destroyed and Christians attacked. The Pope called for the Christians in the West to help.
1099 Paschal II   1118
1100 Theodoric Antipope 1102  
1000 .. 1099
Name:
Sylvester II
Reign:
999 to 1003
Name:
John XVII
Reign:
1003
Name:
John XVIII
Reign:
1004 to 1009
Name:
Sergius IV
Reign:
1009 to 1012
Name:
Benedict VIII
Reign:
1012 to 1024
Name:
John XIX
Reign:
1024 to 1032
Name:
Benedict IX
Reign:
1032 to 1045
Name:
Clement II (Imperial appointee)
Reign:
1045 to 1048
Name:
Damasus II (Imperial appointee)
Reign:
1048 to 1049
Name:
Leo IX (Imperial appointee)
Reign:
1049 to 1055
Name:
Victor II (Imperial appointee)
Reign:
1055 to 1057
Name:
Stephen IX (X) (Imperial appointee)
Reign:
1057 to 1058
Name:
Nicholas II
Reign:
1058 to 1061
Name:
Alexander II
Reign:
1061 to 1073
Name:
Honorius II (Antipope)
Reign:
1061 to 1072
Name:
Gregory VII
Reign:
1073 to 1085
Name:
Clement III (Antipope)
Reign:
1080 to 1100
Name:
Victor III
Reign:
1086 to 1088
Name:
Urban II
Reign:
1088 to 1099
On the last day of the council Pope Urban II preached about the oppression being inflicted on the Christians in the Middle East by the Muslim Seljuks. Christian churches were being destroyed and Christians attacked. The Pope called for the Christians in the West to help.
Name:
Paschal II
Reign:
1099 to 1118

Twelfth Century 1101 .. 1200

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1101 Albert Antipope    
1105 Sylvester IV Antipope 1111  
1118 Gelasius II 1119  
1118 Gregory VIII Antipope 1121  
1119 Calixtus II 1124
1124 Honorius II 1130
1124 Celestine II Antipope
1130 Innocent II   1143
1130 Anacletus II Antipope 1138  
1138 Victor IV Antipope  
1143 Celestine II 1144  
1144 Lucius II 1145  
1145 Eugenius III 1153  
1153 Anastasius IV 1144  
1154 Adrian IV 1155  
1159 Alexander III 1181  
1159 Victor IV (Octavian) Antipope 1164  
1164 Paschall III Antipope 1168  
1168 Calixtus III Antipope 1178  
1179 Innocent III Antipope 1180  
1181 Lucius III 1185  
1185 Urban III 1187  
1187 Gregory VIII  
1187 Clement III 1191  
1191 Celestine III 1198  
1198 Innocent III 1216  

Thirteenth Century 1201 .. 1300

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1216 Honorius III   1227  
1227 Gregory IX   1242  
1241 Celestine IV   Oct - Nov  
1243 Innocent IV   1254  
1254 Alexander IV   1261  
1261 Urban IV   1264  
1265 Clement IV   1268  
1271 Gregory X   1276  
1276 Innocent V   Jan - Jun  
1276 Adrian V   Jul - Aug  
1276 John XXI   1277  
1277 Nicholas III   1280  
1281 Martin IV   1285  
1285 Honorius IV   1287  
1288 Nicholas IV   1292  
1294 Celestine V   Jul - Dec A monk who lived in a cave on a mountain. Celestine resigned within months of his election.
1294 Boniface VIII   1303 Came into conflict with the French King over taxation.

Fouteenth Century 1301 .. 1400

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1303 Benedict XI   1304 Attempted to reverse the conflicts with the French King. May have been poisoned.
1305 Clement V   1314  

Babylonish Captivity & The Great Schism

Clement V, a Frenchman, moved the Papacy to Avignon after his election (1309-1377). Urban V tried to return, and Gregory XI succeeded shortly before his death. Unfortunately the authorities in Avignon did not immediately accept this, and the Great Schism resulted, from 1378-1415, and they continued to elect a Pope. An attempt to solve this in 1409 resulted in three popes, two being "elected" at Pisa.

Popes of Avignon

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1309 Clement V   1314  
1316 John XXII   1334  
1328 Nicholas V  Antipope 1330  
1334 Benedict XII   1342  
1342 Clement VI   1352  
1352 Innocent VI   1362  
1362 Urban V   1370 In 1367 Urban V travelled to Rome to restore the Papacy to Italy but had to return to France because of trouble there.
1370 Gregory XI     In 1377 Gregory XI arrived in Rome to restore the Papacy to Italy.

Rome

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1377 Gregory XI   1378  
1378 Urban VI   1389  
1377 Clement VII (Avignon) Antipope 1378  
1389 Boniface IX   1404  
1394 Benedict XIII (Avignon) Antipope 1423  
1404 Innocent VII   1406  
1406 Gregory XII   1415  

Pisa

In 1409 the Council of Pisa tried to solve the problem of having two popes, Gregory and Benedict. In the end the council declared the two void and elected their own; Alexander V.

From
Date		 Ruler Antipope To
Date		 Comments
1409 Alexander V (Pisa)  Antipope 1410  
1410 John XXIII (Pisa)  Antipope 1415  
1417 Martin V   1431  
1423 Clement VIII  Antipope 1429  
1425 Benedict XIV  Antipope 1430  
1431 Eugenius IV   1447  
1439 Felix V  Antipope 1449  
1447 Nicholas V   1455  
1455 Calixtus III   1458  
1458 Pius II   1464  
1464 Paul II   1471  
1471 Sixtus IV   1484  
1484 Innocent VIII   1492  
1492 Alexander VI   1503  

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